Waxworms

🔤 Taxonomy

Galleria mellonella is the accepted scientific name used for this feeder guide.

Common names used in the feeder trade:

Waxworm
Greater wax moth larva

📌 Description

Waxworms are soft, high-fat moth larvae used as occasional feeders, appetite stimulants, or treats. They are not a staple feeder for most reptiles or amphibians, but they are useful when a soft-bodied, highly palatable feeder is needed.

Feed a clean dry base plus fresh plant foods. Gut-load for 24-48 hours before feeding, then dust according to the predator species supplement schedule. No feeder species is a complete diet by itself.

🌍 Distribution

The greater wax moth is associated with honeybee nests and beekeeping materials and is now widespread in many warm and temperate regions through apiculture and commerce.

For keeper practice, biosecurity matters more than a precise range map: commercial feeder insects are moved far outside their natural ranges, and escaped animals should never be released or treated as harmless.

⚖️ Regulations and safety

Galleria mellonella is not listed in the CITES Appendices in the official CITES checklist reviewed for this guide. No specific EU wildlife trade Annex listing was found for the species.

The EU Invasive Alien Species Regulation restricts species on the Union list; this guide does not treat Galleria mellonella as a Union-list species. Local and national rules can still restrict live insect imports, transport, breeding, sale, use in schools or workplaces, and disposal.

The Bern Convention is not normally relevant because this is not a European native protected-species care issue. Keep cultures secure, never release live feeders, and freeze surplus or unwanted insects before disposal where local rules allow.

🤌 Husbandry

A practical culture needs correct temperature, airflow, clean food, controlled moisture, and a container that prevents escapes. Keep feeder cultures away from pesticides, aerosols, cleaning fumes, and wild insects. Do not mix fresh shop tubs into a long-term colony without quarantine.

Good setup:

Smooth-sided plastic tub or ventilated culture cup
Fine mesh or fabric ventilation that the feeder cannot pass through
Dry food area separated from wet food or moist medium
Sorting container for feeding and cleaning
Clear date labels for cultures and purchased batches

💡 Lighting

Feeder insects do not need UVB. A normal room day-night rhythm is enough. Keep cultures out of direct sun because small containers overheat quickly.

🌡 Heating and temperature

Recommended ranges:

Short-term holding: 12-18°C to slow development
Active culture: 26-30°C
Cooler storage reduces pupation but does not stop spoilage
Avoid overheating sealed tubs

💧 Humidity and water

Moisture should come from safe foods or controlled moisture areas, not from stagnant wet substrate. Remove moldy food quickly and keep dry foods dry.

🌿 Enclosure and decoration

Use enough surface area and ventilation to prevent crowding, condensation, and odor. Keep cultures simple so dead insects, spoiled food, and mites can be spotted quickly. Clean small holding tubs between batches and refresh long-term cultures before they collapse.

🪳 Feeding

Useful foods:

Commercial waxworm diet or bran-honey-glycerin style diets from reliable recipes
Do not feed wild hive material to pet feeders unless disease and chemical risks are understood
Keep diet portions contained and replace moldy material

Feed a clean dry base plus fresh plant foods. Gut-load for 24-48 hours before feeding, then dust according to the predator species supplement schedule. No feeder species is a complete diet by itself.

🥚 Breeding

Adults are moths, so breeding requires a secure fine-mesh container, warm temperatures, and a suitable waxworm diet. Cultures can smell, mold, and attract escape problems; many keepers should buy small quantities instead of breeding them continuously.

Do not let breeding goals override feeder quality. Cultures that smell sour, contain many dead insects, or show heavy mites should not be used for sensitive animals.

🩺 Common problems

Common problems:

Mold from excess moisture or stale food
Mites from damp waste and old cultures
Escape through poor lids or oversized ventilation mesh
Nutritional imbalance when one feeder is used alone
Predator injury or impaction risk when feeders are oversized
Culture crashes from heat, crowding, pesticides, or contamination

📌 Conclusion

Use this feeder as part of a varied rotation, keep the culture clean, and match feeder size to the animal eating it. Culture hygiene is part of nutrition and safety.